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The foundation degree is unlikely to widen participation in higher education, according to the University Vocational Awards Council.

In its response to the proposals, UVAC, which represents 36 universities, says working-class, ethnic minority and mature students will be deterred from joining foundation degree courses unless work-based qualifications and experience are accepted for entry.

Foundation degrees should be linked to the national vocational qualifications framework and modern and graduate apprenticeships, and should be credit rated, it adds.